What Is Orthognathic Surgery?
Orthognathic jaw surgery is a corrective surgical procedure performed to reposition the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both. It is used to treat patients with skeletal discrepancies that affect their bite, facial appearance, speech, and overall oral health. This surgery is typically recommended when orthodontic treatment alone cannot resolve the issue aligners braces.
Common Conditions That Require Surgery
Jaw surgery is indicated for several conditions, including severe underbites, overbites, crossbites, open bites, and facial asymmetry. It’s also used to address breathing issues like obstructive sleep apnea, as well as chronic jaw pain from TMJ disorders. These structural issues are often congenital or the result of trauma and can negatively impact chewing, speaking, and self-esteem.
The Surgical Process Explained
Before surgery, patients typically undergo 12 to 18 months of orthodontic treatment to align the teeth. The surgery itself is performed under general anesthesia by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The jawbones are cut and repositioned, then secured using plates, screws, or wires. Patients may stay in the hospital for a few days and need about six weeks of recovery before resuming most normal activities.
What Recovery Involves
The recovery period includes a liquid or soft-food diet, swelling management, and follow-up appointments to monitor healing. Pain is usually manageable with prescribed medications. Full bone healing may take 3 to 6 months, and patients continue wearing braces or retainers post-surgery to finalize the bite alignment.
Benefits Beyond Appearance
Orthognathic surgery delivers both functional and cosmetic improvements. Patients experience easier chewing, better digestion, improved speech, and relief from chronic pain. Aesthetically, jaw balance enhances facial proportions and symmetry. The psychological benefits of a balanced, confident smile can also be life-changing.
Who Is a Suitable Candidate?
Candidates for orthognathic surgery are typically adults whose jaw growth is complete. A multidisciplinary team including orthodontists, surgeons, and general dentists will conduct assessments using X-rays, 3D scans, and bite analysis to determine suitability. When performed under the right conditions, jaw surgery can offer a lifelong solution to complex dental and facial issues.
